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| International
Shipping Terminologies - C |
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Cabotage: Water
transportation term applicable
to shipments between ports of a
nation; commonly refers to
coast-wide navigation or trade.
CAF (Currency Adjustment
Factor): A charge, expressed
as a percentage of a base rate,
that is applied to compensate
ocean carriers of currency
fluctuations.
Camet: A Customs document
permitting the holder to
temporarily carry or send
merchandise into certain foreign
countries (for display,
demonstration or similar
purposes) without paying duties
or posting bonds.
Capacity/Weight: Total
internal container volume (LxWxD)
or weight limitation.
Captain s Protest: A
document prepared by the captain
of a vessel on arriving at port.
It shows conditions encountered
during voyage, generally for the
purpose of relieving ship owner
of any loss to cargo and
shifting responsibility for the
reimbursement to the insurance
company.
Carfloat: A barge
equipped with tracks on which up
to 12 railroad cars are moved in
harbors or inland waterways.
Car Pooling: Use of
individual carrier equipment
through a central agency for the
benefit of carriers and
shippers.
Car Seal: Metal strip and
lead fastener used for locking
freight car or truck doors.
Seals are numbers for record
purposes.
Cargo: Freight loaded
into a ship.
Cargo Manifest: A
manifest that lists only cargo,
not charges.
Cargo NOS: Cargo Not
Otherwise Specified, usually the
first rate entry in a tariff
that can apply to commodities
not covered under a specific
item or sub-item in the
applicable tariff.
Cargo Tonnage: The weight
ton varies from country to
country United States : 2,000 or
2,240 pounds; United Kingdom:
the English long ton, or gross
ton is 2,240 pounds; France and
other countries having the
metric system, the weight ton is
2,204.62 pounds. The measurement
ton is usually 40 cubic feet
(1.12 meters) or cubic meters
(35.3 cubic feet), but in some
instances a large number of
cubic feet is taken as a weight
ton. Most ocean freight is
billed at weight or measurement
tons (W/M).
Carload Rate: A rate
applicable to a carload of
goods.
Carnet: A Customs
document allowing special
categories of goods to cross
international borders without
payment of duties.
Carrier: Any individual
or organization who in a
contract of carriage, undertakes
to perform or procure the
performance of carriage by rail,
road, sea, air, inland waterway
or a combination of such modes.
Carrier Certificate/Release
Order: A certificate
required by US Customs to
certify the firm or individual
named in the certificate as the
owner or consignee of the cargo.
Cartage: Intra-city
hauling on drays or trucks.
Cartment: Customs form
permitting in-bond cargo to be
moved from one location to
another under Customs control,
within the same district.
Usually in motor carrier s
possession while draying cargo.
Cell Guides: A fixed
racking system for securing all
containers stowed above deck.
With cell guides, it is
virtually impossible to lose a
container overboard during rough
weather conditions. Every ACL
vessel has two permanent 20 cell
guide sections and four portable
sections which can be converted
to 20 or 40 depending on the mix
of containers.
Center of Gravity: The
point of equilibrium of the
combined weight of the
containership or stacktrain and
its cargo.
Certificate of Inspection:
A document certifying that
merchandise (such as perishable
goods) was in good condition
immediately prior to its
shipment.
Certificate of Manufacture:
A statement (often notarized) in
which a producer of goods
certifies that the manufacturing
has been completed and the goods
are now at the disposal of the
buyer.
Certificate of Origin: A
certified document used in
international commerce that
shows the origin of goods.
Certificate of Weight: A
certified statement of the
weight of a shipment.
Container Freight Station to
Container Freight Station (C.F.S.):
A type of steamship line service
in which cargo is transported
between container freight
stations, where containers may
be stuffed, stripped, or
consolidated. Usually used for
less-than-containerload
shipments although small
shipments destined to the same
consignee are often consolidated
into full containers as well as
reloading containerload
quantities from foreign rail or
motor carrier equipment.
Charges, Statement of: A
detailed statement of all
charges sent to the importer,
illustrating how the charges
were calculated. The statement
of charges deals with charges
incurred by the shipper to the
importer, outside of the quoted
or agreed price.
Chassis: A frame with
wheels and container locking
devices in order to secure and
move containers.
Chock: A piece of wood or
other material placed at the
side of cargo to prevent rolling
or moving sideways.
Cars Knocked Down (CKD):
Automobile parts and
sub-assemblies manufactured
abroad and transported to a US
assembly plant.
Cost and Insurance (C.I.):
A price that includes the cost
of goods, the marine insurance
and all transportation charges
with the exception of ocean
freight to the named point of
destination.
Cost, insurance and freight
(C.I.F.): Price determined
at point of destination that
includes the cost of goods. The
marine insurance and all
transportation charges are
calculated from point of
destination.
Claim: A demand made upon
a transportation line for
payment of a loss sustained
through negligence.
Classification: A
publication, such as the Uniform
Freight Classification
(railroad) or the National Motor
Freight Classification (motor
carrier), that assigns ratings
to various articles and provides
bill of lading descriptions and
rules.
Classification Yard: A
railroad yard with many tracks
used for assembling freight
trains.
Clayton Act: An
anti-trust act of the US
Congress making price
discrimination unlawful.
Clean bill of lading: A
receipt for goods issued by a
carrier with an indication that
the goods were received in "good
order and condition," without
damage or other irregularities.
Clearance Limits: The
size beyond which cars or loads
cannot use tunnels, bridges,
etc.
Cleat: A strip of wood or
metal used to afford additional
strength, to prevent warping, or
to hold in place.
Clip-on: Refrigeration
equipment attachable to an
insulated container that does
not have its own refrigeration
unit.
CM: Abbreviation for
cubic meter.
cm: Abbreviation for
centimeter.
Coastwise: Water
transportation along the coast.
COGSA: Carriage of Goods
by Sea Act. US federal
codification passed in 1936
which standardizes carrier s
liability under carrier s bill
of lading. US enactment of The
Hague Rules.
Collect Freight: Freight
payable to the carrier at
destination. Most bills of
lading specify that collect
freight is payable even if the
cargo does not arrive at
destination.
Collection: A draft drawn
on buyer, usually accompanied by
documents, with complete
instructions concerning
processing for payment or
acceptance.
Combination Export Mgr.:
A firm that acts as an export
sales agent for more than one
non-competing manufacturer.
Commercial invoice: A
complete record of a transaction
between exporter and importer
with regard to goods sold. Also
reports the content of the
shipment and serves as the basis
for all other documents about
the shipment.
Commodity: An article
that can be transported.
Commodity Rate: A rate
published to apply to a specific
article or articles.
Commodity Tariff: A
tariff published to show
specific rates on specific
articles.
Common Carrier: A
transportation company that
operates under a Certificate of
Convenience and Necessity and
provides service to the general
public at published rates.
Concealed Damage: Damage
that is not evident from viewing
the unopened package.
Conference: An
association of shipping
owners/companies operating in
the same trade route and under
collective conditions, in
agreement with all tariff rates.
Confirmed Letter of Credit:
A letter of credit issued by a
foreign bank whose validity has
been confirmed by a domestic
bank. An exporter with a
confirmed letter of credit is
assured of payment even if the
foreign buyer or foreign bank
defaults.
Connecting Carrier: A
carrier which has a direct
physical connection with, or
forms a link between two or more
carriers.
Consignee: A person or
company to whom commodities are
shipped.
Consignee mark: A symbol
placed on packages for
identification purposes,
generally a triangle, square,
circle etc., with letters and/or
numbers and port discharge.
Consignor: A person or
company shown on the bill of
lading as the shipper.
Consolidated Cargo: Cargo
containing the shipments of two
or more shippers, usually
coordinated by a consolidator.
Consolidation: The
combination of many small
shipments into one container.
Consolidator: A person or
firm performing a consolidation
service for others. Takes
advantage of lower full car load
(FCL) rates, and the savings are
passed on to shippers.
Consular Declaration: A
formal statement describing
goods to be shipped, filled with
and approved by the counsel of
the country of destination prior
to shipment.
Consular Invoice: A
document, certified by a
consular official, is required
by some countries to describe a
shipment. Used by Customs of the
foreign country to verify value,
quantity and nature of the
cargo.
Consular Visa: An
official signature or seal
affixes to certain documents by
the consul of the country of
destination.
Consumption Entry (CE):
The process of declaring the
importation of foreign-made
goods into the United States for
use in this country.
Container: A truck
trailer body that can be
detached from the chassis for
loading onto a vessel, a rail
car, or stacked in a container
depot. Containers may be
ventilated, insulated,
refrigerated, flat rack, vehicle
rack, open top, bulk liquid or
equipped with interior devices.
A container may be 20 , 40 , 45
,48 or 53 in length, 8 0 or 8 6
in width and 8 6 or 9 6 in
height.
Container Booking:
Arrangements with a steamship
line to transport containerized
cargo.
Container Manifest:
Document showing contents and
loading sequence of a container.
Containerizable Cargo:
Cargo that fits into a container
resulting in an economical
transport.
Containerization: Stowage
of cargo/goods in a container
for shipment by a variety of
transportation modes.
Container Load: A load
sufficient in size to fill a
container either by cubic
measurement or by weight.
Container Part Load: A
shipment that does not utilize
the full volume of a container
nor the maximum payload by
weight. Usually, additional part
loads are added to fill the
container for transport.
Container Pool: An
agreement between transportation
companies that allows for the
most efficient use and supply of
containers.
Container Yard (CY): A
materials-handling/storage
facility used for completely
unitized loads in containers
and/or empty containers.
Container Terminal: An
area designated for the stowage
of cargoes in container; usually
accessible by truck, railroad
and marine transportation.
Containers are pick-up,
dropped-off, maintained and
housed here.
Contraband: Cargo that is
prohibited.
Contract Carrier: Any
person not a common carrier who,
under special and individual
contracts or agreements,
transports passengers or
property for compensation.
Controlled Atmosphere:
Sophisticated,
computer-controlled systems that
manage the mixtures of gases
within a container throughout an
intermodal journey reducing
decay.
Corner Posts: Vertical
frames components fitted at the
corners of the container,
integral to the corner fittings
and connecting the roof and
floor structures. Containers are
lifted and secured in a stack
using the castings at the ends.
Cost, Insurance and Freight
(CIF): An additional duty
imposed to offset export grants,
bounties or subsidies paid to
foreign suppliers in certain
countries by the government of
that country for the purpose of
promoting export.
Countervailing Duty: An
additional duty imposed to
offset export grants, bounties
or subsidies paid to foreign
suppliers in certain countries
by the government of that
country for the purpose of
promoting export.
Cross Member: Transverse
members fitted to the bottom
side rails of a container, which
support the floor.
Cube Out: A Container
reaching its volumetric capacity
before its permitted weight
limit.
Cubic Foot: A volume of
measurement that equals 1,728
cubic inches.
Custom House: A U.S.
Treasury Department office where
duties, etc., on foreign
shipments are handled.
Custom House Broker: A
person or firm engaged in
entering and clearing goods
cross border, licensed by the
treasury department of their
country when required.
Customs Bonded Warehouse:
A warehouse where goods may be
stored, authorized and
established by Customs.
Customs Broker: A firm
that represents importers in all
dealings with Customs.
Responsible for obtaining and
submitting all documents for
clearing merchandise through
Customs, arranging inland
transport, and paying all
charges related to these
functions.
Customs Invoice: A form
requiring all data in a
commercial invoice along with a
certificate of value and/or a
certificate or origin. Required
in some countries (usually
former British territories) and
serves as a seller's commercial
invoice.
Customs Tariff: A
schedule of charges assessed by
a government on imported or
exported goods.
Cut-Off Time: The latest
time a container may be
delivered to a terminal for
loading to a scheduled train or
ship.
Cwt.: Hundred weight
(US:100 lb.; UK: 112 lbs.) |
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